Capsicum Annuum plants grow very fast and can grow very tall. Most varieties will grow eight to fifteen leaves before the first flower appear.
Here are some tips for Capsicum farming:
Suitable Climate for Capsicum: Capsicum is basically a cool season crop and day temperatures less than 30°C is favorable for growth and yield. But due to the introduction of a good number of hybrids with wider adaptability, it can be successfully cultivated in a warm climatic place like Goa state. But very high temperature results in rapid plant growth and affects fruit set. Lower night temperature favors flowering and fruit set 1.
Selection of Planting Material for Capsicum Production: The planting material should be healthy, resistant to diseases & pests. Age of the seedling should be 35 to 40 days old. Height of the seedling should be 16 – 20 cm. The plant should possess good rooting system. The seedling should have at least 4 – 6 leaves on the stem at the time of plantation. Other characteristics like fruit shape, fruit color, production, fruit quality, and vigor should also be considered while selecting plant material of a good variety of capsicum 1.
Growing Beds and Soil Sterilization: Capsicum requires well-drained soil with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. The soil should be sterilized before planting to prevent soil-borne diseases. Raised beds of 1.2 m width and 15 cm height are prepared 1.
Planting, Pruning, and Training of Capsicum Plants: Capsicum is planted in double rows with a spacing of 60 cm between rows and 45 cm between plants. The plants are pruned to maintain a single stem and to remove the side shoots. The plants are trained to a height of 1.5 m 1.
Fertigation and Manure: Capsicum requires a balanced dose of fertilizers. Fertigation is the best method of fertilizer application. The manure is applied at the time of bed preparation 1.
Disease and Pest Control of Capsicum: Capsicum is susceptible to a number of diseases and pests. The common diseases are damping off, anthracnose, bacterial wilt, and powdery mildew. The common pests are aphids, thrips, mites, and whiteflies. The diseases and pests can be controlled by using appropriate chemicals 1.
Fruit Thinning in Capsicum Farming: Fruit thinning is done to increase the size and quality of the fruits. The fruits are thinned when they are 1-2 cm in diameter 1.
Harvesting and Yield of Capsicum: Capsicum is harvested when the fruits attain full size and color. The yield of capsicum in open field cultivation ranges between 20-40t/ha, whereas in a greenhouse the yield range is from 100-120 tonnes/ha 1.
Post Harvesting and Storage of Capsicum: Capsicum should be harvested carefully to avoid damage. The harvested fruits should be graded and packed in ventilated crates. The crates should be stored in a cool and dry place 1.